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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Forestry Engineering Journal</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Forestry Engineering Journal</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Лесотехнический журнал</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2222-7962</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">119094</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2026.1/15</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Природопользование</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Nature Management</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Природопользование</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Voluntary forest certification as an instrument of climate change mitigation  and forest adaptation</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Добровольная лесная сертификация как инструмент сдерживания климатических изменений и адаптации лесов к ним</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Карпачевский</surname>
       <given-names>Михаил Львович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Karpachevskiy</surname>
       <given-names>Mihail L'vovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>mlvovich@yandex.ru</email>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Яницкая</surname>
       <given-names>Татьяна О.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Yanickaya</surname>
       <given-names>Tat'yana O.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шматков</surname>
       <given-names>Николай М.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shmatkov</surname>
       <given-names>Nikolay M.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шварц</surname>
       <given-names>Евгений А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shvarc</surname>
       <given-names>Evgeniy A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-30T18:35:07+03:00">
    <day>30</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-30T18:35:07+03:00">
    <day>30</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>16</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>229</fpage>
   <lpage>246</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-30T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>30</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="http://lestehjournal.ru/sites/default/files/journal_pdf/15._229-246.pdf">http://lestehjournal.ru/sites/default/files/journal_pdf/15._229-246.pdf</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Многие требования стандартов лесоуправления систем добровольной лесной сертификации (ДЛС) в отношении ведения лесного хозяйства и лесозаготовок полностью отвечают международно признанным критериям улучшенным управлением лесами (УУЛ) лесоклиматических проектов. Среди них сохранение ценных лесов (особенно малонарушенных и старовозрастных), создание продуктивных лесных культур, оставление при лесозаготовках ключевых биотопов (крупных деревьев, деревьев редких пород, крупных древесных остатков), сохранение иных местообитаний редких и исчезающих видов, меры по обеспечению мозаичности ландшафта, а также минимизации воздействия на растительный покров, гидрологический режим территории и почвы. В силу этого ДЛС может рассматриваться в качестве инструмента, который вносит дополнительный измеримый вклад в противодействие изменению климата и адаптацию лесов по сравнению со обычным уровнем лесоуправления. Держатель сертификата ДЛС на основании результатов мониторинга с помощью стандартных методик расчета запасов углерода в лесах вполне может получить и количественные оценки увеличения депонированию углерода в сертифицированных лесах. Такие количественные оценки могут быть использованы розничными продавцами и крупными потребителями сертифицированной продукции для демонстрации своего вклада в противодействие изменению климата и адаптации лесов.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Many requirements of forest management standards of voluntary forest certification systems (VFC) regarding forest management completely comply with internationally recognized criteria for improved forest management (IFM) used in climate forest projects. This includes conservation of valuable forests (especially intact and old-growth), establishment of productive artificial stands, retention of key habitats (large trees, rare tree species, coarse woody debris), retention of other habitats of rare and threatened species, measures of preservation of mosaic landscape as well as minimization of the impact on vegetation cover, hydrological regime of the area and soils. Therefore, VFC can be viewed as an instrument, which additionally quantitatively contributes to climate change mitigation and forest adaptation relatively the baseline level of forest management. A certificate holder of VFC based on monitoring results and using standard methods to calculate carbon stock in forests is able to receive some quantitative estimates of increased carbon accumulation in certified forests. Such quantitative estimates can be used by retailers and large buyers of certified products to demonstrate their contribution to climate change mitigation and forest adaptation.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>адаптация к изменению климата</kwd>
    <kwd>добровольная лесная сертификация</kwd>
    <kwd>улучшенное управление лесами</kwd>
    <kwd>малонарушенные леса</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>climate change adaptation</kwd>
    <kwd>voluntary forest certification</kwd>
    <kwd>improved forest management</kwd>
    <kwd>intact and old-growth forests</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p>ВведениеИзменение климата признано одним из наиболее серьезных вызовов современности, оказывающим multifaceted воздействие на природные экосистемы и экономику. Леса, занимающие около 30% суши планеты, играют ключевую двоякую роль в этом процессе. С одной стороны, они являются мощным поглотителем парниковых газов, аккумулируя углерод в фитомассе и почве, что делает их важнейшим элементом глобальной стратегии по сдерживанию климатических изменений. С другой стороны, леса сами крайне уязвимы перед последствиями этих изменений: участившиеся засухи, лесные пожары, вспышки массового размножения вредителей и экстремальные погодные явления приводят к деградации лесных экосистем, снижению их продуктивности и даже к трансформации их из стока в источник углерода.В ответ на эти вызовы международное сообщество разрабатывает различные политические и экономические механизмы, направленные на сохранение и устойчивое управление лесами. Однако эффективность государственных регуляторных мер зачастую ограничена их инерционностью и сложностью адаптации к быстро меняющимся условиям. В этой связи возрастает роль добровольных рыночных инструментов, среди которых особое место занимает добровольная лесная сертификация.Первоначально созданная как механизм подтверждения легальности и экологической ответственности лесопользования (например, схемы FSC и PEFC), сегодня лесная сертификация все чаще рассматривается в более широком контексте – как потенциальный инструмент реализации климатической политики. Сертификационные требования к сохранению биоразнообразия, поддержанию защитных функций леса и неистощительности лесопользования могут способствовать повышению устойчивости лесов к климатическим стрессам (адаптация). Одновременно с этим, стимулируя ответственное лесовосстановление и предотвращая деградацию лесов, сертификация способствует сохранению и увеличению запасов углерода (митигация).Несмотря на растущее понимание климатического потенциала добровольной лесной сертификации, научных работ, количественно оценивающих ее вклад в сдерживание изменений климата и адаптацию к ним, недостаточно. Остаются открытыми вопросы о том, насколько существующие стандарты учитывают климатические риски, как сертификация влияет на углеродный баланс сертифицированных участков по сравнению с несертифицированными, и какие дополнительные &quot;климатические&quot; критерии могут быть в нее интегрированы.M. Girona с коллегами (2023) [1] указывают, что климат и последствия его изменения все сильнее сказываются на функционировании бореальных лесов, в связи с чем управление на экосистемной основе сталкивается с проблемами из-за изменения режима природных нарушений, потерей биологического разнообразия, усилением фрагментации лесов, быстрым сокращением площадей старовозрастных (малонарушенных) лесов и необходимостью разработки новых лесоводственных подходов.</p>
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