Voronezh, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Voronezh, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Voronezh, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Forests take diverse part in the life of human society. To prevent their depletion and disappearance, the organization of forestry on the principle of continuous, non-depleting and multi-purpose use of forests is necessary. The article analyses the theoretical concepts of multi-purpose, rational use of forests in Russia and abroad. Special place is given to the conceptual foundations of multi-purpose, rational, continuous use of European forests. The essence of the concept and limitations for different regions of Europe is given. Based on the content analysis, it was concluded that a sustainable approach to forest management implies the use of innovative strategies for conserving biodiversity, balancing forest use for various purposes and healthy ecosystem maintenance. Analysis of the concept of sustainability of forest management in Russia and abroad, in terms of theoretical concepts, allowed us to define fundamental principles.
Forest Code, sustainable development, multipurpose forest management, Russia
Концепция многоцелевого лесопользования родилась в начале ХХ века и с тех времен прошла ряд трансформаций. В начале 60-х годов ХХ века, когда ведущей была продуктивная функция леса, сформировалась «теория пробуждения», которая признавала многофункциональность леса, но всё же наибольшую ценность всё равно предоставляла древесной продукции. Все остальные функции леса считали функциями «вторичной стоимости». Позже на почве теории многофункциональности появилось ещё несколько теорий, в частности: теория крупномасштабной сегрегации (large-scale segregation theory), теория полной интеграции (complete integration theory) и теория мелкомасштабной сегрегации (small-scale segregation theory). Суть теории крупномасштабной сегрегации состоит в том, что выбирают одну главную (доминирующую) функ-цию леса, а все остальные функции должны подчиняться и не противоречить ей. Недостаток теории крупномасштабной сегрегации состоит в сложности определения доминирующей функции, учитывая особенности конкретной территории.
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