Mytischi, Moscow, Russian Federation
The presented research is devoted to the definition of the fragmentation of the sorting of lumber and the boundaries of sorting groups according to the value of the volume output of the primary harvesting, based on the calculation method for determining the volume output of harvesting for the furniture board. The article provides a brief overview of research on the evaluation of timber quality. The scheme for assessing the quality of lumber wood is given. The volumetric output and output parameters of cut modeling of the 1st and 2nd quality groups of sawn timber for blanks for the production of the furniture board of A grade are presented. The technique for determining the boundaries of sorting groups using the volumetric output of the main billet based on the calculated method for determining the volume yield of blanks for a furniture board. Visual sorting on the main work piece increases the volume output of solid blanks of the 1st quality group by 8.61% and the volume output of short blanks of the 2nd quality group by 8.54% compared to the calculated method. Sorting sawn timber according to the proposed indicator simplifies this process, and also allows achieving a functional dependence approximate to 1 between the quality of sawn timber and the quality of blanks, except for errors of quality controllers or operators that perform sorting.
saw timber, visual sorting, blank, sorting group, edge glued panel, quality assessment, volume output, calculation method.
Современные производства древесных плит потребителям поставляют продукцию, однородную по качеству. Лесопильно-деревообрабатывающие предприятия поставляют пиломатериалы потребителю с большим диапазоном изменения качества (например, пиломатериалы отборного, 1 и 2 сорта поставляются одной партией), что приводит к образованию дополнительных отходов при производстве заготовок. Такие отходы в большинстве случаев по качеству полностью устранить невозможно, т. к. в пиломатериалах почти всегда присутствуют пороки (основными из которых являются сучки), поэтому можно лишь добиться уменьшения отходов правильной подборкой групп пиломатериалов для раскроя на требуемые типоразмеры заготовок.
1. Aksenov P. P. Teoreticheskie osnovy raskroya pilovochnogo syr'ya [Theoretical basis for cutting sawlogs] / P. P. Aksenov. - M.-L. : Goslestekhizdat, 1960. - 216 p. (In Russian).
2. Borovikov A. M. O pokazatelyakh kachestva pilomaterialov [On the quality of sawn timber] / A. M. Borovikov, V. N. Lokhov, M. G. Konchevskaya // Izv. vuzov. Lesnoy zhurnal [Izv. Universities. Forest Journal]. - 1987. - № 3. - P. 127-129 (In Russian).
3. Vetsheva V. F. Teoreticheskie i eksperimental'nye issledovaniya raskroya krupno-mernykh pilovochnykh breven khvoynykh porod Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka [Theoretical and experimental studies of cutting large-sized saw logs of coniferous species in Siberia and the Far East] : dis. Doktora tekhnicheskih nauk [dis. Dr of Technical Sciences] / V. F. Vetsheva. - L., 1974. - 340 p. (In Russian).
4. Vladimirova E. G. Tekhnologiya proizvodstva zagotovok iz termicheski modifitsiro-vannoy drevesiny [The technology of production of blanks from thermally modified wood]: avtoref. diss. kand. tekhn. nauk [avtoref. Diss. cand. Tech. Sciences] / E. G. Vladimirova. - Moscow, 2012. - 23 p. (In Russian).
5. Kislyy V. V. Otsenka kachestva produktsii lesnoy i derevoobrabatyvayushchey pro-myshlennosti [Assessment of the quality of forest products and woodworking industry] / V. V. Kislyy. - M. : Lesnaya promyshlennost' [Moscow : Forest Industry], 1975. - 224 p. (In Russian).
6. Lakatosh B. V. Defektoskopiya drevesiny [Defectoscopy of wood] / B. V. Lakatosh. - M. : Lesnaya promyshlennost' [Moscow : Forest Industry], 1966. - 120 p. (In Russian).
7. Pesotskiy A. N. Ratsional'noe ispol'zovanie drevesiny v lesopilenii [Rational use of wood in lumbering] / A. N. Pesotskiy, B. C. Yasinskiy. - M. : Lesnaya promyshlennost' [Moscow : Forest Industry], 1977. - 128 p. (In Russian).
8. Rykunin S. N. Sortirovanie pilomaterialov [Sorting of sawn timber]: ucheb. posobie / S. N. Rykunin, V. E. Pyatkov, E. G. Vladimirova. - Moscow : MGUL, 2011. - 28 p. (In Russian).
9. Sytenkov V. M. Ekonomicheskiy raschet pilomaterialov na zagotovki i vozmozhnost' ego avtomatizatsii [Economic calculation of sawn timber for billets and the possibility of its automation] / V. M. Sytenkov // Seriya derevoobrabatyvayushchaya promyshlennost' [A series of woodworking industry]. - Issue 3. - L., 1963. (In Russian).
10. Tyukina Yu. P. Tekhnologiya lesopil'noderevoobrabatyvayushchego proizvodstva [Technology of sawmilling and woodworking production] : uchebnik dlya tekhnikumov [Textbook for technical schools] / Yu. P. Tyukina, S. N. Rykunin, V.S. Shalaev. - M. : Lesnaya promyshlennost' [Moscow : Forest Industry], 1986. - 280 p. (In Russian).
11. Tambi A. A. Nauchnye osnovy sortoobrazovaniya pilomaterialov [Scientific foundations of varietal lumber]: avtoref. diss. doktora tekhnicheskih nauk [the author's abstract. Diss. ... Dr. techn. Sciences] / A. A. Tambi. - St. Petersburg, 2015. - 40 p. (In Russian).
12. Filippov D. L. Proizvodstvo zagotovok na derevoobrabatyvayushchikh predpriyatiyakh [Production of blanks at woodworking enterprises] / D. L. Filippov. - M.-L., 1959. - 81 p. (In Russian).
13. Yasinskiy B. C. Povyshenie vykhoda komplektnykh zagotovok iz pilovochnogo syr'ya dlya maloetazhnogo derevyannogo domostroeniya [Increase in the yield of complete blanks from sawlogs for low-rise wooden housing construction] / B. C. Yasinskiy, Yu. P. Danilov // Derevoobrabatyvayushchaya promyshlennost' [Woodworking industry]. - 1985. - No. 9. - P. 17-18 (In Russian).
14. Anders, L. Appearance Grading of Sawn Timber [Text] : doctoral thesis LTU Skellefteå Luleå University of Technology Skeria 3, S-931 87 Skellefteå, Sweden, 2006. - 238 p.
15. Surikova, J. Interaction of surface roughness of sawn timber and dimren-sion timber. SGGW [Text] / J. Surikova, A. Surikova // Forest. add Wood Technology. - 2004. - № 55. - P. 539-543.
